Without Alexis Korner, there still might have been a British blues scene in
the early 1960s, but chances are that it would have been very different from the
one that spawned the Rolling Stones, nurtured the early talents of Eric Clapton
and made it possible for figures such as John Mayall to reach an audience. Born
of mixed Greek/Austrian descent (his mother was Greek born in Constantinople and
his father was Austrian), Alexis Korner spent the first decade of his life in
France, Switzerland, and North Africa, and arrived in London in May of 1940,
just in time for the German blitz, during which Korner discovered American
blues. One of the most vivid memories of his teen years was listening to a
record of bluesman Jimmy Yancey during a German air raid. "From then on," he
recalled in an interview, "all I wanted to do was play the blues." After the
war, Korner started playing piano and then guitar, and in 1947 he tried playing
electric blues, but didn't like the sound of the pick-ups that were then in use,
and returned to acoustic playing. In 1949 he joined Chris Barber's Jazz Band and
in 1952 he became part of the much larger Ken Colyer Jazz Group, which had
merged with Barber's band. Among those that Korner crossed paths with during
this era was Cyril Davies, a guitarist and harmonica player. The two found their
interests in American blues completely complementary, and in 1954 they began
making the rounds of the jazz clubs as an electric blues duo. They started the
London Blues and Barrelhouse Club, where, in addition to their own performances,
Korner and Davies brought visiting American bluesmen to listen and play. Very
soon they were attracting blues enthusiasts from all over England.
Korner and Davies made their first record in 1957, and in early 1962, they
formed Blues Incorporated, a "supergroup" (for its time) consisting of the best
players on the early '60s British blues scene. Korner (guitar, vocals), Davies
(harmonica, vocals), Ken Scott (piano), and Dick Heckstall-Smith (saxophone)
formed the core, with a revolving membership featuring Charlie Watts or Graham
Burbridge on drums, Spike Heatley or Jack Bruce on bass, and a rotating coterie
of guest vocalists including Long John Baldry, Ronnie Jones, and Art Wood (older
brother of Ron Wood). Most London jazz clubs were closed to them, so in March of
1962 they opened their own club, which quickly began attracting large crowds of
young enthusiasts, among them Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, and Brian Jones, all
of whom participated at some point with the group's performances--others
included Ian Stewart, Steve Marriott, Paul Jones, and Manfred Mann. In May of
1962, Blues Incorporated was invited to a regular residency at London's Marquee
Club, where the crowds grew even bigger and more enthusiastic. John Mayall later
credited Blues Incorporated with giving him the inspiration to form his own
Bluesbreakers group.
Record producers began to take notice, and in June of 1962 producer Jack Good
arranged to record a live performance by the band. The resulting record, R&B
from the Marquee, the first full-length album ever made by a British blues band,
was released in November of 1962. The album consisted of largely of American
standards, especially Willie Dixon numbers, rounded out with a few originals. At
virtually the same time that Blues Incorporated's debut was going into stores,
Cyril Davies left the group over Korner's decision to add horns to their sound.
Korner soldiered on, but the explosion of British rock in 1963, and the wave of
blues-based rock bands that followed, including the Rolling Stones, the Animals,
and the Yardbirds undercut any chance he had for commercial success. His more
studied brand of blues was left stranded in a commercial backwater--there were
still regular gigs and recordings, but no chart hits, and not much recognition.
While his one-time acolytes the Rolling Stones and the Cream made the front
pages of music magazines all over the world, Korner was relegated to the blues
pages of England's music papers, and, though not yet 40, to the role of "elder
statesman."
For a time, Korner hosted Five O'Clock Club, a children's television show
that introduced a whole new generation of British youth to American blues and
jazz. He also wrote about blues for the music papers, and was a detractor of the
flashy, psychedelic and commercialized blues rock of the late 1960s, which he
resented for its focus on extended solos and its fixation on Chicago blues. He
continued recording as well, cutting a never-completed album with future Led
Zeppelin vocalist Robert Plant in early 1968. Korner's performing career in
England was limited, but he could always play to large audiences in Europe,
especially in Scandinavia, and there were always new Korner records coming out.
It was while touring Scandinavia that he first hooked up with vocalist Peter
Thorup, who became Korner's collaborator over the next several years in the band
New Church. After his dismissal from the Rolling Stones, Brian Jones considered
joining New Church; Korner, however, rejected the idea, because he didn't want
his new band to be caught up in any controversy. In 1972, he became peripherally
involved in the breakup of another band, inheriting the services of Boz Burrell,
Mel Collins, and Ian Wallace when they quit King Crimson.
It was during the 1970s that Korner had his only major hit, as leader (with
Peter Thorup) of the 25-member big band ensemble CCS. Their version of Led
Zeppelin's "Whole Lotta Love" charted in England, and led to a tour and
television appearances. In response, Korner released Bootleg Him, a
retrospective compiled from tapes in his personal collection, including
recordings with Robert Plant, Mick Jagger, and Charlie Watts. Korner played on
the "supersession" album B.B. King in London, and cut his own, similar album,
Get Off My Cloud, with Keith Richards, Peter Frampton, Nicky Hopkins, and
members of Joe Cocker's Grease Band. When Mick Taylor left the Rolling Stones in
1975, Korner was mentioned as a possible replacement, but the spot eventually
went to Ron Wood. In 1978, for Korner's 50th birthday, an all-star concert was
held featuring Eric Clapton, Paul Jones, Chris Farlowe, and Zoot Money, which
was later released as a video.
In 1981, Korner formed the last and greatest "supergroup" of his career,
Rocket 88, featuring himself on guitar, Jack Bruce on upright bass, Ian Stewart
on piano, and Charlie Watts on drums, backed by trombonists and saxmen, and one
or two additional keyboard players. They toured Europe and recorded several
gigs, the highlights of which were included on a self-titled album released by
Atlantic Records. In contrast to the many blues-rock fusion records with which
Korner had been associated, Rocket 88 mixed blues with boogie-woogie jazz, the
group's repertory consisting largely of songs written by W. C. Handy and Pete
Johnson.
After a well-received appearance at the Cambridge Folk Festival in the early
1980s, there were rumors afterward that he intended to become more active
musically, but his health was in decline by this time. A chain smoker all of his
life, Korner died of lung cancer at the beginning of 1984. ~ Bruce
Eder, All Music Guide
Without Alexis Korner, there still might have been a British blues scene in
the early 1960s, but chances are that it would have been very different from the
one that spawned the Rolling Stones, nurtured the early talents of Eric Clapton
and made it possible for figures such as John Mayall to reach an audience. Born
of mixed Greek/Austrian descent (his mother was Greek born in Constantinople and
his father was Austrian), Alexis Korner spent the first decade of his life in
France, Switzerland, and North Africa, and arrived in London in May of 1940,
just in time for the German blitz, during which Korner discovered American
blues. One of the most vivid memories of his teen years was listening to a
record of bluesman Jimmy Yancey during a German air raid. "From then on," he
recalled in an interview, "all I wanted to do was play the blues." 
